Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is performed using telescopes that are inserted into the abdominal cavity through small "key hole" incisions; however, a somewhat larger incision is often made to permit removal of an intact kidney. Nephrectomy performed by inserting the telescopes into the cavity that surrounds the kidney (rather than into the abdominal cavity) is called retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy.

Current data indicate that open and laparoscopic radical nephrectomies have similar complication rates and provide equally effective cancer treatment for patients with tumors that appear confined to the kidney. Compared to open radical nephrectomy, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay and shorter recovery time. If you elect to undergo a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, there is a low risk (usually less than five percent) that the surgeon will need to convert to an open nephrectomy (i.e., convert the "key hole" incisions to a larger incision).

Not all patients are candidates for laparoscopic nephrectomy. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is best suited for small, localized tumors that have not invaded the lymph nodes or renal vein. Open nephrectomy is preferred in patients with severe scarring around the kidney or a history of extensive abdominal surgery. Surgeons who are experienced with retroperitoneoscopy may consider this approach in patients with a history of extensive abdominal surgery.